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Dementi The Most Common Form Of Progressive Dementia

Dementia is a chronic disorder associated with a decline in cognitive functioning typically characterized by memory impairment, increased communication and language difficulty and decreased motor activity that interferes with activities of daily living. Patients with dementia may also experience agitation, hallucinations, paranoia and difficultly with complex tasks. People with a family history of dementia and older adults are more prone to dementia. Dementia can be reversible or progressive depending on the cause. Dementia resulting from infections, reactions to medications, anoxia and poisoning can be reversed with medical treatment. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of progressive dementia currently affecting 5.3 million Americans. Of the 5.3 million, 5.1 million people are the elderly population with two-thirds of those affected being women. There is no treatment available to cure dementia but measures can be taken to sustain the quality of life. Dementia not only affects the patients directly, but also family members and caregivers as well. Family members deal with patient’s memory loss, changes in personality and also have to take care of the ill patients financially. According to WHO, the cost of dementia in 2010 worldwide was estimated to be $604 billion dollars. Apart from the economic pressure, family members also deal with the physical and emotional pressures that come with dementia. According to Bekhet, family members care for up to 80% of dementiaShow MoreRelatedLevel 3 Health and Social Care Unit 365dementia3984 Words   |  16 PagesUnit 365 Understanding the Process and Experience of Dementia. A1 Describe the causes of all the different types of Dementia Alzheimer’s disease: The brain is a very complex organ and it is divided up into different areas that control bodily functions. The brain contains at least 100 billion cells. In dementia some of these cells stop working. The part of the brain this occurs in will affect how that person thinks, remembers and communicates. Alzheimers disease, first

Preparing to Conduct Research free essay sample

This proposal contains the following: problem statement, research objectives, importance and benefits, research question, hypothesis, variables, research design, selected instrument, sampling method, data analysis, results, and ethical considerations. Research Problem and Purpose Pet Palace is currently experiencing a decline in sales and customer retention. Managers have been told that customers have commented freely about buying pet supplies online because of the ease. This dilemma prompts Pet Palace’s managers to consider becoming an online retailer in addition to its physical location (aka becoming ‘bricks and clicks’). The purpose of the research is to determine if becoming a ‘bricks and clicks’ business will generate more revenue. Specifically, management aspires to learn if the benefits of becoming ‘bricks and clicks’ outweigh the costs. This research will reveal how lucrative adding online sales can be for Pet Palace. Significance, Scope, Magnitude, and Feasibility This research is important because without offering current customers new alternatives and reaching out to new customers, Pet Palace cannot stay competitive in the evolving retail market of pet supplies. Creating an online presence may keep the business one step ahead of its current competition and maximize its percentage of the market share. Generally, becoming a ‘bricks and clicks’ store will not only make the pet supply store more profitable and available, it will allow the business to evolve and grow while increasing exposure and opening up new avenues and ideas for the company to build on. To keep sales and revenue high, Pet Palace must find the most lucrative and low cost way to stay competitive in the pet supply market. To keep up with the opposition becoming ‘bricks and clicks’ may show the fastest and most profitable results. The decision will be based on the outcome of the interviews and the quality of the responses. This research could spark the change necessary to take Pet Palace to the next level. This research has the potential for connecting with other business’ power players and learning insider information about expanding business to include an online presence. Expanding Pet Palace’s horizons to include an online presence has the potential for connecting to a larger, more diverse customer base and gaining maximum revenue. Collecting information from professionals who have encountered the same dilemma is the best starting route. Research Questions, Hypothesis, and Variables This research will answer three questions: 1) What opportunities will come from adding an online storefront? 2) Does adding an online storefront retain and attract customers? 3) Will the benefits of adding an online storefront outweigh the costs? After careful consideration, the research team has hypothesized that becoming ‘bricks and clicks’ will outweigh the costs, and it will add and retain customers. The variables in this research are simple. Does adding an online storefront (independent variable) affect sales (dependent variable) and customer base (dependent variable)? Research Design The design for this research will be exploratory studies, which is qualitative research. Schindler and Cooper (2011) define exploration as: The process of collecting information to formulate or refine management, research, investigative, or measurement questions, loosely structured studies that discover future research tasks, including developing concepts, establishing priorities, developing operational definitions, and improving esearch design; a phase of a research project where the researcher expands understanding of the management dilemma, looks for ways others have addressed and/or solved problems similar to the management dilemma or management question, and gathers background information on the topic to refine the research question. (pg. 719) The research team will expand its knowledge of online sales by interviewing owners or manager s from other companies that are knowledgeable about transitioning into the online marketplace. After thorough interviews of other managers and owners using open-ended research questions, the team may propose to develop an e-mail survey for future participants that were recommended by previous ones. A short, e-mail survey offers the most cost-effective approach to gaining insight and feedback from managers who made the transition. The team approximates the survey will contain five to seven open-ended questions formed from information collected in the previous interviews. Instrument The instruments selected to gather information to benefit the company is semi-structured interviews and surveys with open-ended questions. A semi-structured interview allows the company to produce a list of specific questions they want answered but still leaves some wiggle room. The questions used in this particular interview process are most likely done using the open-ended response strategy. The surveys can be conducted face-to-face, over the phone, or through the Internet. When using open-ended questions in the survey process, it is allowing the participant to elaborate rather than requiring them to have a specific answer. The company chose these specific instruments because they provide information that could benefit the company in the future (Cooper amp; Schindler, 2011). Sampling Method The appropriate sampling method is nonprobability and snowball sampling methods. Non-probability method gives the research more leeway than when the probability method is used. The snowball sampling method happens when individuals are used as they are discovered; they may not have been selected from the beginning. The sampling frame the company will begin with is the local Chamber of Commerce directory. The research team will search out other companies that have transitioned into online sales from the Local Chamber of Commerce Directory. The projected sampling size will begin with approximately 10. The â€Å"leads† the team receives from using the snowball sampling method will determine the sampling size (Cooper amp; Schindler, 2011). Overall Data Analysis Approach Researchers will process the data and feedback received from managers and owners at external businesses. Because of the nature of the surveying, the answers from all of the open-ended questions will be summarized and reported. Because of the small-scale sampling size used, the full answers will be available for executive viewing. The overall consensus will be found and prepared for reporting by breaking the pros and cons into categories, along with the agreement or disagreement with the initial hypothesis. Result Reporting The information collected in this study sorted and reported in break-out categories, listing the pros and cons of Pet Palace becoming ‘bricks and clicks’. The results of this study will also contain the contractual statement, telling Pet Palace’s executives exactly what types of information was collected. Statistical conclusions, applied findings, recommendations, action plans, models, strategic plans, and so forth will be included in the reporting of results at the conclusion of this research (Cooper amp; Schindler, 2011). Ethical Considerations Making sure ethical standards are applied to this project is something this research team must keep in mind. Ethics are norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about our behavior and our relationships with others† (Cooper amp; Schindler, 2011, Chapter 2/What Are Research Ethics). The ethical considerations of this research are to ensure no person is affected physically, mentally or emotionally and to be sure that data collected is completely accurate. To offer protection to the participants, there are three guidelines that the researchers will follow: 1) All benefi ts will be described, making sure to neither over exaggerate nor under exaggerate the benefits. ) Participant rights and protections will be explained in detail; it is imperative that each participant fully understands. 3) Obtain informed consent. Acquiring informed consent is completely revealing the course of action for the survey before asking for authorization to continue with the survey. There are some instances when written consent would be needed, but in this particular survey oral consent would suffice. Honesty in research is critical; remaining ethical while conducting this research is imperative to the success of the research and maintaining Pet Palace’s good image. Conclusion In todays fast pace life, people are doing a surprisingly high amount of shopping from the comforts of their own home via the Internet. Pet Palace’s loyal customers have been gracious enough to point this issue out instead of heading elsewhere for their pet products. The voluntary feedback the team received has prompted upper-management strongly to consider entering into E-commerce. Pet Palace’s transition into a ‘bricks and clicks’ business is a large business move; it will not be done without proper research. This research team ensures through this proposed research, the decision to offer Pet Palace’s products via the Internet will not be misinformed. The information collected will determine if adding the option for customers to shop online will not just retain those customers Pet Palace already has, but gain new ones and boost sales. References Cooper, D. , amp; Schindler, P. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Nardal, S. and A. Sahin, 2011. Ethical issues in e-commerce on the basis of online retailing. J. Soc. Sci. , 7: 190-198.

Types of love in Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream free essay sample

The types of love in Midsummer Nights dream by William Shakespeare To begin with ,we have the love story of Theseus and Hippolyta. Theseus has fought many battles and risked his life in order to win Hippolyta: wood thee with my sword / And won thy love, doing thee injuries. Next we have the pair of romantic lovers Hermia and Lysander and Helena and Demetrius who undergo many trials before they are united Finally, we have the fairy couple Oberon and Titania who are finally reconciled after a long period of separation. What is common to all these different love stories is the fact that the course of true love never did run smooth. Shakespeare reveals to us that love at all levels, whether it is the royalty or the ordinary folk, or in the supernatural has to undergo a rigorous trial before it succeeds. True love will succeed if the lovers are faithful to their partners and remain patient during their time of separation and trial. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of love in Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the vicious, yet very real, love of Oberon and Titania to the youthful obsessive love that Helena has for Demetrius (and the false love the fairies cause Demetrius to have for Helena), love is a primary subject in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream. Though the King and Queen of Fairies are violent in their love for one another, their anger shaking the ground when the two fght, they most assuredly do love each other. Not so withHelena and Demetrius, however. In the case of Helena and Demetrius, Helena is in such a deep state of obsessive love for Demetrius that she truly shames herself hen trying to catch him going so far as to compare herself with a Spaniel dog , available exclusively for Demetrius use. All the while, Demetrius scorns Helenas affections, preferring instead to chase after Hermia. In fact, Demetrius does not show any love or interest in Helena until the fairy Robin Goodfellow, or Puck , puts a spell on him. This is not a true love on either side. Helena does not love Demetrius, but rather obsesses over him affording Demetrius all worth and herself none unless he returns her affections. On Demetrius side, the only reason that he begins to love Helena at all is the fairy spell not from any affection of his own heart. This is not a healthy , mature love in any sense, with one person in a self-degrading obsession and the other under an enchantment. On the other hand, the King and Queen of the Fairies, Oberon and Titania, have a much healthier, a much truer love relationship between them. Though spiteful at times because Titanias possessions take her attention away from him, Oberon certainly loves his queen. However, this spite drives Oberon to play tricks and put spells on the Queen of the Fairies in order to remove that which so distracts the lady from her husband. On Titanias side, the queen is not above using her power to make Oberon Jealous fawning over her possetions to point of ignoring him. However, once these tricks and intrigues are finished, Oberon and Titania meet in a spectacular reunion that once again reaffirms their love for one another. This is a healthy sort of love, with each partner exerting his or her own will s opposed to one giving all control over to the other person and compromises being made between the two. Furthermore, the couple is not afraid to fght one another when it is appropriate and the relationship seems stronger tor the arguing and making up. The two couples of Oberon and Titania and Helena and Demetrius show the striking contrasts in the types of love evidenced in A Midsummer Nights Dream, though multiple other types are present in the play as well. Ranging from a youthful dalliance to a mature and healthy love, Shakespeare shows the full gamut of the love spectrum.

swed Essays

swed Essays swed Essay swed Essay Student Written Evaluation Document The stimuli for my devised piece is Machinal written by American playwright and journalist Sophie Treadwell and premiered on Broadway in 1928. Treadwell wrote the play based on the true events that unravelled around New Yorker Ruth Snyder who killed her husband in her unhappy marriage and was executed by electric chair; Ruth was the first woman to be executed by electric chair since 1899 which provoked the significance of her story. Treadwell explores the themes of isolation, oppression and female objectification all of which I took on board and intend to include in my devised iece. Sophie Treadwell explores the pain of women in an unhappy marriage and how they coped with their emotions in a male dominated society and in-particular Ruth Snyders story under the strict control of her husband, in the play portrayed as machine like hence the name Machinal meaning machine. The metaphor title as machine reflects the womens role in society at the time to be a machine, to procreate and be housewives throughout their lives whilst men work. Machinal explores how women were sexually objectified and women had to deal with the patriarchal society and position in a marriage. One key area she explores is how Mrs Jones is a victim of marital rape which was legal at the time it was written but more importantly only became illegal in America in 1993, a fact I personally found shocking which evoked me to base my expressionistic devised piece on martial rape to highlight what happens behind closed doors in society and make my audience aware of an issue that still persists today. Treadwell was the first expressionist writer to look at a story of this magnitude from a females perspective and empathises with her rather than immediately persecuting her. Cary M. Mazer said in her article Why is everyone uddenly doing an obscure 1928 play? that only Treadwell and Susan Glaspell depict womens issues from a womens perspective, which confirms Treadwells feminist approach to this play and the political thrust the plot portrays. Firstly I did some additional research into the key elements of expressionism, originally a German theatre phenomenon, to evaluate further Treadwells theatre techniques and directorial decisions. The main characteristics utilised are dream imagery, choral speaking, declamatory dialogue, simplification of characters, physical theatre and heightened intensity. Choral speaking is my favourite expressionistic devise to create a non-naturalistic atmosphere as the layering of the voices creates a lost story theme and a lack of voice from the victims and the dominance of others in their story especially the attacker. I have used all of these drama mediums in past productions and exercises and want to use these in our devised piece to create a coup de theatre for my audience to further emphasise the theme of rape. Treadwell uses expressionism devises to emphasise a females routine lifestyle in a non-naturalistic way an idea I want to use in our piece to portray in a more outrageous way the bjectification of women and their lack of power within a marriage. I also did some further research into rape in society and rape from a male perspective and a female perspective to understand further Sophie Treadwells approach to the stimuli and gain an insight on the psychology behind rape and why the attackers commit the final piece outcome as the monologue material statements from rapists are crude and shocking and will create the effect of realisation for my audience. Beginning our piece with the court scene we have used the technique of multi-role playing that we sed frequently in AS to promote the devises of non-naturalistic theatre. All of us playing multiple roles throughout the piece stops the audience relating to the characters and also reflects rape as something that can happen to anyone rather than a single individual. Also we used Brechtian devises to portray our characters to use our piece to create reaction from our audience rather than Just to entertain our audience on visual level, to introduce a political perspective and an issue of society. Our desired performance outcomes are to shock our audience about the behind the cenes of marriages in the 1920s but also to highlight that the issues displayed in our piece continue today, women are objectified in the same way but do not speak out about it and if they do the aggression become worse. We are including one scene which involves a bar where two husbands are announcing to the crowd that wives are for sexual pleasure and the objectification of women is not something that should be stopped, the wives speak up and take the punishment for it, we use the devise of role reversal in this scene between the two women to display how it is a problem for ll women not Just one individual. Furthermore I think this scene will create an alarming reaction from our audience as the end of the scene we use symmetry between the two couples to show the violence within the marriage and the lack of escape as the stage plunges into darkness. We have emphasised out piece more on rape and tried to display female objectification so as to Justify more promptly Ruth Snyders actions against her husband and support Treadwells view on martial rape as Cary M. Mazer states the Justification of her actions she goes to the electric chair efeated, humiliated, stripped of her power and shorn of her hair nonetheless triumphantly unrepentant. When reviewing the stimuli I decided to pick out the scenes which underlined the themes I wanted to depict the most, I started the performance with the end court scene to emphasise more the persecution women went through in their attempt to bring to a halt the objectification they were experiencing. I placed the woman above the prosecutors as she seems to be in a dreamlike state and it highlights her vulnerability and also shows her strength and self-justification of her actions. As the scene continues there is a dream imagery sequence that I put together to highlight her loneliness, also when she reaches out for her from another female she is aggressively rejected stressing her lack of support from other females and to show irony of how she has made a stand for women and her prosecutor is female. Another scene I picked out from Machinal directly was the labour scene which I found distressing and would be perfect to show the audience the internal thoughts of these women who are objectified as part of married life; I focussed on the monologue and adapted it to be spoken by two females to put mphasis on the element that any woman can experience this abuse. I choreographed the males into this duologue to emphasise not only the internal pain of being raped within a marriage but to also shock the audience by displaying the physical aspect of this too. My second scene features the essential non-naturalistic devise of magic realism and stereotypical two dimensional characterisation of a lifestyle where the male and females are dancing and enjoying themselves. However previously before the dancing begins I added a sense of foreshadowing by having all of my husband and wife characters doing everyday things in a peculiar manner; one an is reading a newspaper upside down and another smoking the wrong end of a cigar, one female ironing her own body and one pouring tea and missing the cup, these aspects of magic realism create foreboding and I enjoyed using this strong expressionistic devise. Eventually as the dancing progresses the music becomes distorted and the dancing becomes more aggressive and abusive until the point where the music ends and the female partners are thrown to the floor. I also decided to feature a proposal scene within the devised piece to show the male and females priorities in relation to marriage in that time and also their internal motions about the arrangement. I used choral speaking and layering to overall portray a tense atmosphere and different perspectives, Firstly the females, she is stood at the front speaking how she should about the marriage arrangements but behind her is an physicalisation of her internal emotions as another girl lays on the floor bleeding and repeating the word cunt getting louder and more distressed as the male approaches. This use of voice is a common theme in Machinal and I wanted to use it in my piece to create gradual climax in a sense and also portray to an udience the confusing nature of a 1920s proposal. Also the blood from the females genitals further emphasises the females vulnerability and exploitation as it has connotations of menstruation and child birth, a pain every female goes through. The scene ends as the male embraces the woman forcefully, kisses her and takes her away as the internal version of herself tries her hardest to stop them she is not visible to them and is hopeless in stopping the marriage between them, this also more broadly highlights how a females feeling and opinions are hidden and not acknowledged in society.

Time Value of Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Time Value of Money - Essay Example Therefore, to make a certain investment, the opportunity costs should be low (David, 1984). Time value of money shares a direct relationship with the prevailing interests in a market. As the interest rates rise, the value of a dollar today will rise accordingly. When the interest rates follow the decreasing pattern, the value of money also sees a down sliding. This is because the interest rates play a very important part in determining the future value of a lump sum or the present value of a future lump sum; it is dependent on the interest rate. Therefore, they are directly related to each other. There are many other aspects which are related to the time value of money. The future value of an amount of money can also be calculated keeping in mind the time value of money. Making it simpler, the future value of a dollar is the dollar or any other amount that it earns with the help of an interest over a period of time (David, 1984). For example, if $1000 are invested today for an year at 5% interest rate, after an year it will give us $50 dollars and the total received would be $1050. However, if the same amount is invested in the long run for years, compounding will take place and at the end of second year, the interest will be earned on $105. This compounding will go on for the number of years the investment is made. If P is considered the principle amount of money that is invested, i is termed as the interest rate at that time, then the future value of a dollar would be given as P(1+i). When compounding for two years, the equation changes to P(1+i)(1+i) or, FV=P (1+i)n Where P is the principal amount, i is the interest rate and n is the periods for which the investment is made. With increasing interest rates, the future value also keep on increasing. With changing interest rates, the above formula would be applied separately for the different rates. Present Value The present value of a future investment can also be calculated keeping in mind the time value of money. The present value of a future investment is the current value of that payment that is to be received in the future. Discounting is the process that is employed in this case. This is the opposite of finding the future value of a present sum (Gary, 1978). Simply, it is calculated by dividing the future value with the same interest factor which was multiplied in the first case. PV=FV/(1+i)n Where FV is the future value, PV denotes present value, and (1+i)n is the interest factor. In finding out the present value, discounting is being done, therefore, this concept shares and inverse relationship with the time value of money. As the interest factor that determines the time value of money is divided, the value of the present value decreases resulting in the inverse relationship. Opportunity Costs Opportunity costs are the benefits that a person is giving away in spending the money in a certain kind of way. In other words, it is the benefit lost in choosing one alternative over another alternative. For this to be true, the opportunity costs should be really low for an alternative to be chosen. Higher the opportunity costs, lesser are the chances that the alternative may be chosen by a risk aversive personality. It can be termed as the basic relationship that exists between shortage and selection. Rule of '72 Rule of '72 is a simple mathematical shortcut that is used in finance in order to find out when

Management (Bounded rationality) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management (Bounded rationality) - Essay Example Emotions act on a wide range of situations causing biases and errors (Rabin 1998). In short this means that in certain circumstances the complex, human logical apparatus ceases to process rationality, which establishes grounds for the emergence of bounded rationality. "The other is that in interactive situations of complication, agents cannot rely upon other agents they are dealing with to behave under perfect rationality, and so they are forced to guess their behavior. This lands them in a world of subjective beliefs, and subjective beliefs Bounded rationality plays on suggestion. Bounded rationality could affect managers, because there is not enough information for the manager to make the rational decision. In such occasions, he has to rely on suggestive guesses and interpretations. This may create errors and mistakes in the strategic course that the organization is taking. Beach (1996) describes the implicit favorite model of decision making. First, the need for taking a decision is determined. Then, alternatives are identified and a selection for the implicit favorite alternative is chosen. Afterwards, criteria must be established to match the implicit favorite and alternatives a compared with the implicit favorite criteria. At the end the implicit favorite is confirmed and finally selected. ... The selection can be influenced by the salary, proximity of the office, extra working hours, business trips and job position. How could you utilize the intuition in making your decision And when The business world is a dynamic one and recently is has become less structured too. Thus, managers are forced to use their intuition in essential situations especially when there is lack of information. Intuition is often mistaken for emotions, though. Although intuition is formed in subconscious level, the intuitive decision making is a combination of quick qualitative and quantitative analyses (Quinn 1980). Intuition can help decision making, because it is based on past experiences and knowledge deeply rooted in your subconscious rational thinking. Thus, relying on our intuition can aid us in situations when there is little information available. Intuition can be used in situations when the circumstances are rapidly changing and there is no time for analyses. Intuition is needed also in expedient decision making when the problem is poorly defined and structured. If the deal is not structured, incomplete, there are conflicting points or ambiguity, intuition is required. Perceptual blinder is one of four reasons that increase the escalation of commitment, list the other three and elaborate on the Perceptual blinder We can define escalation of commitment as the tendency to invest additional financial resources in seemingly losing non beneficial projects, because they cost already lots of efforts, money and time. The perceptual blinder can influence the escalation of commitment on the bases of emotions - fears or anger. Staw and Ross (1987) summarized several reasons for the formation of